Monday, February 4th

A. Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:

• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES

at	in	on
PRECISE TIME	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS	DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock	in May	on Sunday
at 10.30am	in summer	on Tuesdays
at noon	in the summer	on 6 March
at dinnertime	in 1990	on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime	in the 1990s	on Christmas Day
at sunrise	in the next century	on Independence Day
at sunset	in the Ice Age	on my birthday
at the moment	in the past/future	on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression	Example
at night	The stars shine at night.
at the weekend*	I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas*/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time	We finished the test at the same time.
at present	He's not home at present. Try later.

* AT the weekend is used in the UK while Americans say ON the weekend

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

in	on
in the morning	on Tuesday morning
in the mornings	on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)	on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)	on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)
• He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
• We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

B. Prepositions of Place: at, in, on

In general, we use:

• at for a POINT
• in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
• on for a SURFACE

at	in	on
POINT	ENCLOSED SPACE	SURFACE
at the corner	in the garden	on the wall
at the bus stop	in London	on the ceiling
at the door	in France	on the door
at the top of the page	in a box	on the cover
at the end of the road	in my pocket	on the floor
at the entrance	in my wallet	on the carpet
at the crossroads	in a building	on the menu
at the front desk	in a car	on a page

Look at these examples:

• Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
• The shop is at the end of the street.
• My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
• When will you arrive at the office?
• Do you work in an office?
• I have a meeting in New York.
• Do you live in Japan?
• Jupiter is in the Solar System.
• The author's name is on the cover of the book.
• There are no prices on this menu.
• You are standing on my foot.
• There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
• I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:

at	in	on
at home	in a car	on a bus
at work	in a taxi	on a train
at school	in a helicopter	on a plane
at university	in a boat	on a ship
at college	in a lift (elevator)	on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top	in the newspaper	on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom	in the sky	on the radio, on television
at the side	in a row	on the left, on the right
at reception	in Oxford Street	on the way

C. TIME PREPOSITIONS EXERCISES

Put in the correct preposition (choose in / on / at or No preposition).

1) There was a loud noise which woke us up midnight.. 2) Do you usually eat chocolate eggs Easter?. 3) What are you doing the weekend?. 4) last week I worked until 9pm every night... 5) My father always reads the paper breakfast time.. 6) She plays tennis Fridays.. 7) The trees here are really beautiful the spring.. 8) I'll see you Tuesday afternoon then.. 9) Shakespeare died 1616.. 10) She studies every day.. 11) John is going to buy the presents today.. 12) In my hometown, the shops open early the morning.. 13) She met her husband 1998.. 14) The party is next Saturday.. 15) We are meeting Friday morning.. 16) I often get sleepy the afternoon.. 17) His daughter was born the 24th of August.. 18) Mobile phones became popular the nineties.. 19) Luckily the weather was perfect her wedding day.

D. Prepositions of Place: At, In or On?

1. She was standing all by herself  the bus stop.
2. He was sitting  the top of the stairs.
3. There is such a mess  the kitchen!
4. There were many beautiful flowers  the garden.
5. We had dinner  a very nice restaurant.
6. They are dancing  the street!
7. We used to live  the third floor.
8. They live  France.
9. Toni will meet us  the corner of the street.
10. Times Square is  New York.
11. We agreed to meet  the airport.
12. There is a lot to see  Texas.
13. We met  a wedding.
14. Where is he? He's  prison.
15. She put my shirts  the closet.

E. Minors banned from modeling in London

Listen to a short audio clip about the subject by clicking on the link below

http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0709/070915-fashion_models.mp3

BEFORE LISTENING

1. TRUE / FALSE: Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):

a.	All 13-15-year-old models cannot enter London next week.	T / F
b.	Models at a London fashion show must show a health certificate.	T / F
c.	Being super thin is the current trend for catwalk models.	T / F
d.	Models put their health at risk by working in sub-zero conditions.	T / F
e.	BMI is a ratio based on the thickness of someone’s body and legs.	T / F
f.	Some countries have banned models who are too thin.	T / F
g.	A report suggests models take drug tests from time to time.	T / F
h.	The report says eating disorder experts should go to fashion shows.	T / F

2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article:

1.	banned	a.	prohibiting
2	catwalk	b.	imitate
3.	ensure	c.	confirming
4.	in	d.	make certain
5.	copy	e.	throw up
6.	barring	f.	fashionable
7.	determining	g.	barred
8.	vomit	h.	strict
9.	rigorous	i.	establishing
10.	attesting	j.	runway

LISTENING

Listen and fill in the spaces.

Models under 16 banned in London

Models under the age of 16 __________________ London’s Fashion Week. In addition, all models may soon have to show a health certificate before they __________________ down the catwalk. These are the decisions of the Model Health Inquiry __________________ March by the British Fashion Council to ensure models eat healthily. One major concern was how skinny models have become. Super-thin __________________ that models are risking their health __________________ eating disorders. An unwanted side effect is that teenagers and young women in their twenties and thirties copy the looks and shape of size-zero models and __________________. The inquiry __________________ deaths of two Uruguayan models Luisel Ramos, 22, and her sister, Eliana, 18, who died last year because of poor diets.
The Model Health Inquiry did not recommend __________________ their body mass index (BMI). It said that the BMI - _______________________ - was "not an accurate method of determining health". The inquiry said models could easily make themselves __________________ the tests and get on the catwalk. Other countries have barred models with a BMI of less than 18. The World Health Organization says a BMI of 18.5 __________________ standard. The report made 14 recommendations, which include random drug tests and a "rigorous scientific study" __________________ eating disorders within the industry. The report also said that from September 2008, models "should provide a medical certificate _____________________ from doctors with expertise in recognizing eating disorders."